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wing nuts and their common types

In the world of fasteners, nuts are one of the most common types of hardware used for assembly. Typically, nuts are paired with a correlating screw or bolt, twisting onto the tail-end of the component to hold two or more objects together with compression. Depending on the application in question and the types of materials being used, there are a number of nut types that one may take advantage of. One notable option is the wing nut fastener, that of which is distinguishable by its large metal wings that extend outward from the circular component. Wing nuts are popularly used in applications where tightening and removal are done by hand, and they are used in projects small and large. To help you determine whether the wing nut is the right type of fastener for you, we will discuss its characteristics in more detail!

Wing nuts follow specifications such as ASME B18.17 or DIN 315, and they generally all feature the same metallic wings that give them their name. For the threaded part of the fastener, a hexagonal shape is most common, and they are designed to twist around the end of a bolt or screw for tightening. As such, they create the same reliable joint as many other nut and bolt assemblies, all while not requiring any special tools for installation. This is their main advantage and selling-point, allowing for a fastening solution to be created with low effort.

Depending on one’s needs, there are four main types of wing nuts,those of which are Type A, B, C, and D variations. Type A wing nuts are either cold forged or cold-formed, and they come in regular, heavy, and light dimensional types. Type B wing nuts, on the other hand, are hot forged, and they vary in the design of their wings. The Type C wing nut is die-cast, and they are available in regular and heavy dimensional types. As the final variation, Type D wing nuts are sheet metal stamped and follow Type B wing nuts with different wing styles being available.

Alongside manufacturing methods and styles, wing nuts may also vary in their construction materials, size, and other characteristics. The most common materials that are used for wing nut production include stainless steel, copper, plastic, aluminum, and other various ferrous alloys. If corrosion is a concern, then zinc plating may be used as well. With the sizing of wing nuts, the decision often comes down to nominal thread diameters. By following a standard list of diameters that range from M3 to M20, one can ensure that they procure a fastener that has the pitch, body height, wing width, and overall height that is necessary for the application in question.

With the properties and capabilities of wing nuts, coupled with their installation method, such fastener types are primarily used in applications that do not require a high amount of torque. They are also useful in assemblies where frequent disassembly and assembly may occur. As a result, common applications include fastening furniture, bicycles, car batteries, marine accessories, and more.

If you are in the market for top-quality aircraft fasteners, hardware fasteners, and other forms of hardware, we have you covered here on Simplified Purchasing. Currently, customers can peruse over 2 billion new, used, obsolete, and hard-to-find parts that are ready for purchase at any time, and our RFQ service will ensure that you can receive customized quotes for your comparisons before you make a decision. As our team members are available around the clock, you can give us a call or email at any time, and we would be more than happy to assist you however we can!

how propeller generate thrust

Propeller blades are similar to aircraft wings, with cambered and flat sides, chord lines that run throughout the blade length, and leading & trailing edges. Aircraft propulsion generated by rotating propellers requires the use of a highly complicated mechanism since the propeller takes on the features of a rotating wing. There are differential aerodynamic properties between the top and bottom of the propeller blades. Propeller blades tend to be long and thin, and because of their rotation, the speed of the blade tips tends to be faster than that of the near-hub sections. Consequently, analyzing the differential airflow generated around the rotating blades becomes difficult. This blog aims to deconstruct the complex working mechanism of propeller propulsion into a more simplified explanation for ease of understanding.

Factors That Determine Propeller Thrust Complexity

Although aircraft propellers work like a regular screw, the movement of the propeller blades in a continuous airstream compared to the action of a screw in a solid medium makes all the difference in terms of their working principles. Since the propeller blades are twisted at an angle, they experience drag while rotating in the airstream. The amount of propeller drag is proportional to the degree of the angle and twist in the blades. Another differentiating geometrical parameter between propellers and screws is that pitch characterizes the propeller design. Propeller pitch can be defined as the distance that a rotating propeller can move in the forward direction through a soft solid in one revolution. Propeller wings are designed like airfoil wings, which sport an angle of attack with the horizontal axis of the wing, and they generate lift when accelerating air downward because of their backward tilt. However, when two airfoil-like blades such as these are attached to a central hub, they produce a combined "screwing" effect to push the aircraft forward at the appropriate speed instead of delivering the desired lift.

Since aircraft propeller speed is different at varying sections along the blade length, the angle of attack of each section has an independent value to generate uniform thrust. Thus, the angle of attack is most prominent near the center of the assembly where the blade's speed is slowest, and it is the smallest at the tips where the blade's speed is the highest. Due to the difference in the angles of attack, there is an apparent twist in the blade to correct the differential thrust it might experience.

The Dynamics Between Propeller Thrust and Aircraft Acceleration

Propellers are intended to use the engine's horsepower to generate linear thrust, with the rotating shaft acting as the intermediary which transfers that power. The aircraft will enter accelerated motion if the propeller's thrust is greater than the drag it experiences. Although increasing the number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the propeller and the engine's power can increase the aircraft's acceleration, there will be a simultaneous decrease in thrust. Research suggests that at low airspeeds, propeller efficiency is extremely low, and it rises with an increase in airspeed until a maximum peak is achieved around 85-87% efficiency, especially in the case of fixed pitch propellers. Beyond this point, the efficiency starts to decline, and this airspeed-to-efficiency relationship is known as the Maximum Efficiency Envelope.

The Association Between Propeller Types and Thrust

Fixed-pitch propellers are the simplest type of aircraft propellers as the blades are fixed at a particular angle in relation to the central hub. They are primarily used in training aircraft because of their simplicity. When the blades have a shallow angle in the incident airstream, the propeller experiences less drag and greater thrust by spinning faster, especially at the time of takeoff. However, since fixed-pitch propellers are designed to be efficient only during ascent or takeoff, they are destined to be much less efficient while they are airborne.

On the other hand, variable pitch propellers are designed to improve the mechanical simplicity of fixed pitch propellers. Variable pitch propellers can work over various airspeeds and engine power settings. This convenient feature was readily exploited in fighter planes used in World War II. The propeller blades were designed to reach a shallow angle to have the chord line parallel with oncoming air, following a phenomenon called "feathering" so that the drag experienced by the plane could be reduced in the event of an engine failure. Moreover, variable pitch propellers are designed so that the path traversed by the blade tip is helical. At the same time, the net velocity results from the rotational and translational velocity vectors experienced by the rotating blade, those of which are also dubbed as "helical tip" velocities. Thus, the pilot can adjust variable pitch propellers, either on the ground or when airborne, to adapt to different airspeeds and altitudes.

To Sum Up

We at Simplified Purchasing are always glad to help professionals in the aviation sector source the best propellers, along with any other top-quality aircraft parts, through our user-friendly and efficient digital platform. Our website features an expansive inventory of over 2 billion new, obsolete, and elusive aircraft parts sourced from top manufacturers and tested according to the most stringent quality standards. You can search for the part of your choice through the relevant filters on our website’s search engine that is bolstered by our proprietary software connecting manufacturers and distributors. Get started by requesting a quote through the Instant RFQ service available on our website and one of our dedicated sales reps will respond to your submission within 15 minutes or less.

thing to consider when using nylon fasteners

A fastener is a device used to mechanically connect two objects. Examples include screws, nails, nuts, bolts, washers, anchors, and rivets. They are not permanent in that they can be unscrewed, loosened, and taken apart. The advantage of fastening two objects together rather than welding them is that the separate components can be replaced and maintained more easily. Different fasteners provide different amounts of strength, but there is also more to consider when purchasing fasteners for varying applications.

Nylon fasteners are an example of nylon hardware, which is made from plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride or PVC, acetal, and polypropylene. Nylon hardware in the form of screws, nuts, bolts, washers, and other fastening devices has become increasingly popular due to its ability to insulate and resist corrosion. Since nylon is a non-conductor, nylon fasteners do not conduct nor waste electricity. Corrosion particularly plagues metal fasteners by quickly wearing them down so corrosion-resistant materials are in high demand. Without metal fasteners, machines may function longer without falling apart or needing repairs.

Additionally, nylon is lightweight compared to metal yet still highly durable, and many manufacturers enjoy the large selection of product designs. In aerospace technology, nylon hardware reduces aircraft weight and reduces fuel usage. As the appeal around nylon hardware grows, it is important to consider the limitations of nylon fasteners across different industries.

While nylon fasteners are durable, they are not strong enough to withstand the demanding functions of many engineering projects, such as construction. Additionally, nylon fasteners should not be used in a circumstance where they risk getting wet because they are hygroscopic. This means that they easily take in water from the surrounding environment, which causes them to swell and eventually deteriorate. Another major drawback of using nylon fasteners in any project is that they cannot withstand temperatures higher than 121 degrees Celsius. In general, this means that metal fasteners should be used for any device that requires heating during use; however some nylon materials, such as Nylatron, function well in high heats. Lastly, nylon is very vulnerable to chemicals and UV rays, meaning these fasteners should not be used in environments with excessive sun exposure.

Within aerospace technology, users can benefit from the low costs and high variety associated with nylon hardware by purchasing nylon washers and fasteners for air frames, engine parts, hydraulics, landing gears, and a few other aspects of aircraft. For parts of aircraft that function continuously, nylon fasteners may be a better option than metal fasteners because their lighter weight allows them to endure more movement while holding two pieces of machinery together. Nylon fasteners have some drawbacks, but they should be considered for use in many parts of aerospace technologies as they are highly customizable and can significantly reduce costs.

Simplified Purchasing is an online distributor of aviation parts that is owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor. We have an extensive supply chain network of AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 0056B accredited manufacturers and distributors, specializing in aircraft rotables, consumables, and ground support equipment. We aim to make your projects as simple and efficient as possible so reach out to our staff with any questions at any time 24x7/365. Fill out an RFQ today and we will respond as soon as possible!

shaft bearings and their common types

A shaft bearing is a common mechanical component, often placed within assemblies to bear applied loads while facilitating the rotational or sliding movement between parts. With their general, yet important, role, shaft bearings commonly find use in a wide variety of applications ranging from industrial machinery to aerospace vehicles. To accommodate a diverse set of industries and needs, shaft bearings come in various types and designs, each varying in its qualities and characteristics.

The plain bearing is one of the most common forms of shaft bearing, coming in the form of a simplistic, low cost element that features a cylindrical sleeve and internal shaft. The sleeve is generally constructed from a low friction material, that of which may be graphite, bronze, or plastic. The low friction material is crucial for the functionality of the shaft, allowing it to rotate within the sleeve. For more basic designs, plain bearing components are most often implemented within mechanical applications where ample lubrication and high tolerances are not necessary. Despite this, plain bearings often wear over time as a result of the surface contact between the sleeve’s inner diameter and shaft outer diameter, reducing the overall service life of such components.

Alongside plain bearings, rolling-element bearings are also quite commonplace. A rolling bearing is generally more complex than a plain bearing, featuring spheres or small cylinders that roll between races for the means of taking on loads, reducing friction, and permitting tighter mechanical tolerances. All rolling-element bearings consist of three primary components, those of which are the inner race, outer race, and rolling mechanical components placed between each. The ball bearing is a subtype of rolling-element bearing, featuring spheres between races that mitigate friction. For other types, the rolling elements may be less spherical as various cylindrical shaped rollers are common.

Depending on the environment that a shaft bearing will operate in, there are various accessories that one may take advantage of. For instance, contamination may be a concern in some installations, posing a risk to the health, performance, and lifespan of bearings. Through the use of seals and shields, internal components can be guarded as necessary. The size of the bearing itself is also an important aspect to consider as there is a wide variety of sizes that are in standard and metric values. Generally, one should always take into account operational speeds, lubrication requirements, size, weight, costs, safety, applied loads, bearing surface values, and much more.

If one requires a more robust option for an aircraft or automotive assembly, a high precision shaft bearing will often provide for increased reliability and extended service intervals. Nevertheless, such quality bearings will often be more expensive than their standard counterparts, making the choice a balance between requirements and cost. Regardless of whether you are searching for new bearings, replacement components, or are simply viewing the market, there is no better sourcing solution than Simplified Purchasing.

Simplified Purchasing is a website owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, and we offer customers access to over 2 billion new, used, obsolete, and hard-to-find products that have been sourced from leading global manufacturers that we trust. Take the time to explore our expansive set of offerings as you see fit, and our team is always ready to assist you with customized quotes for your comparisons and unmatched lead times. Even if you are facing a time constraint and need parts fast, we can expedite the shipping process using our expansive supply chain network stretching across the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Experience the future of part procurement today with Simplified Purchasing when you get in touch with one of our representatives.

features and types of rolling bearings

In general, bearings are specialized components that assist an object’s rotation. Typically supporting the shaft that rotates inside machinery, bearings are found in automobiles, aircraft, electric generators, and more. As they find countless uses, bearings are available in varying types, one of which is called a rolling bearing.

Rolling bearings, or roller bearings, are utilized to replace sliding movement with low friction, such as aiding in rolling motions observed in rotary applications. The principle subtypes of this category of bearings include cylindrical, spherical, tapered, and needle roller variations. Before getting into each type’s distinctions, we will cover their design.

Consisting of two rings, rolling elements, and a cage, roller bearings are usually classified as radial bearings or thrust bearings, depending on the direction of the main load. Additionally, they can be further classified by the type of rolling element used, whether that be balls or rolling elements. Nonetheless, roller bearings of any type are designed with advantageous characteristics.

When compared with plain bearings or other types, rolling bearings offer many advantages, the first being that their starting torque and friction are low while the starting torque and running torque are small. Furthermore, with the onset of worldwide standardization, rolling bearings are internationally available, and interchangeable.

Other advantages include that their maintenance, replacement, and inspection are straightforward processes as the structure of the rolling bearings is simple. More than that, a majority of rolling bearings have the ability to handle radial and axial loads simultaneously or independently. Lastly, they can be utilized under a wide range of temperatures, and they can be preloaded to produce a negative clearance, achieving greater rigidity.

Cylindrical Roller Bearings

This type of rolling bearing is equipped with the ability to handle high radial-loads and moderate thrust loads. They contain cylindrically-shaped rollers that are either crowned or end-relieved to reduce stress concentrations. They are similar to needle roller bearings with the exception that the dimensions of diameter and roller length are closer in magnitude.

Spherical Roller Bearings

Self-aligning in nature and double-row in design, spherical roller bearings are considered combination radial and thrust bearings. These bearings utilize barrel-shaped or crown-shaped rollers that are situated between the inner ring. The inner ring itself has two raceways, while the outer ring has one spherical raceway. It is important to note that spherical roller bearings can handle heavy radial loads and some axial loads in either direction.

Tapered Roller Bearings

Tapered roller bearings consist of an inner ring (cone), outer ring (cup), cage, and rollers. It is important to keep in mind that the cage and rollers can be profiled to distribute loads evenly across the roller. During operation, tapered roller bearings create a line of contact between the rolling element and the raceway, distributing loads across a larger surface area. Depending on the contact angle, they can be subdivided into three types, those of which include normal angle, medium angle, and steep angle variations.

Needle Roller Bearings

The last type of rolling bearings are of the needle roller variety. They are considered a type of cylindrical roller bearing where the length of the roller is much larger than the diameter. In particular, needle roller bearings are designed for radial load applications where a low profile is desired. There are numerous types of needle roller bearings, some of which have no inner rings or cages. As such, one must be well aware of their application’s requirements prior to making a rolling bearing purchase.

Conclusion

If you find yourself in need of rolling bearings, radial bearing assemblies, radial bearing shoes, or other related components, rely on Simplified Purchasing. Simplified Purchasing is an online distributor of electronic parts, aviation products, NSN components, and more. With an inventory of over 2 billion ready-to-purchase items, customers can find everything they need with ease. Get started with a competitive quote which you can request through our Instant RFQ service, and let Simplified Purchasing fulfill your operational requirements today!

what is the importance of safety wiring on aircraft?

When it comes to any vehicle including an aircraft, securing hardware is a primary task that needs to be done for safety. Loose hardware wiring can be a cause of tragic accidents and threaten many lives. As a result, it is crucial to secure the aircraft’s bolts and fasteners with safety wires to prevent accidents. Furthermore, one should always check such assemblies often to confirm whether they are tight and ready before take-off.

What Is Safety Wiring or Wire Locking?
Safety wiring, or locking wire, is a tool that ensures the structure stability of an aircraft. It typically comes in the form of a 0.32-inch stainless steel or nickel alloy wire used for locking the mechanisms of bolts and nuts that might get loose as a result of vibration or jerks during flight. Safety wiring is used as a method to hold parts like nuts and bolts together with other fasteners or studs so that an aircraft’s mechanisms will be safe and secured.
A wire can be passed through the nut’s hole before being tied clockwise, and another end is linked with the aircraft structure to avoid serious mechanical failures. This is usually done in vibration-prone areas on an aircraft where nuts and bolts are locked with two or more fasteners, ensuring safety.

An aircraft’s wireframe can dislodge overtime due to vibration, and even small objects can cause catastrophic results when loosening occurs. In such instances, the technician’s job is to ensure the safety of onboard passengers while checking that hardware locks properly.

Why Is Safety Wiring important?
An aircraft contains fragile technology that operates in harsh environments during flight. While taking-off and landing, the constant vibration creates strain on the aircraft’s wireframe. During these events, if any bolt or screw becomes loose during flight, it can wear down the aircraft structure and pose a safety hazard. Locking wire components are important to secure fasteners on an aircraft during flight for safety.

Safety wiring is also known as ‘positive wire locking,’ that of which holds the aircraft and its many parts together. It is necessary for the technician to properly check all the wireframes connected with the aircraft structure and ensure safety as well. It is also a technician’s responsibility to ensure the integrity of an aircraft during flight so that it is not compromised. They do this by installing fail-safe devices, such as safety wires, to prevent components from coming off due to pressure imposed upon them by external factors like wind gusts, temperature change, and strain from take-off and landing.

How Does Safety Wiring Work?
The foremost purpose of safety wires is to tighten wireframes and fasteners. The wiring of these nuts and bolts can be done with two or more fasteners to ensure safety for a longer period of time. The clever use of stainless-steel wires in aircraft manufacturing has been a main component of the industry’s success for more than 50 years. The first step of installing wiring involves drilling a whole into a fastener. Then, twisted strands that are anchored on another piece are threaded before being doubled back around themselves again with varying degrees between 0–45 degrees, depending on the tightness required.

This process allows assemblies to hold their shape after being bent outwards, protecting against the loosening of screws while resisting slipping due to the strain created as a result of removing parts from machines, leading to less downtime spent servicing equipment. Safety wires are used to replace worn-out fasteners as well as maintain the shape of aircraft. After each application, ensure that you dispose of the old wire and install a fresh wire for the next flight. Maintenance of safety wires includes making sure the diameter and thickness are compatible with each other. Additionally, the most common sizes of a wire is 0.032-inch and 0.041-inch options which can be used as per requirements; for example, forholding larger screws in place, you will need a thick wire.

Conclusion
You can never be too careful when performing owner-performed maintenance. If in doubt, ask for the advice of other sources, like mechanics or aviation enthusiasts, who can underline any mistake before it gets too late. You can also call your local FAA Flight Standards District Office inspector for help – they will be happy to help you!

Simplified Purchasing is a leading distributor of FAA-approved aviation components, aircraft engine mounts, aircraft bearing components, and NSN parts. Get access to a huge collection of top quality NSN components when you call us today.

what is the importance of the correct assembly of thin section bearings?

Bearings are specialized mechanical elements that assist objects’ rotation while simultaneously reducing friction between moving parts. Thin section bearings are a type of standard bearing, but differentiate themselves in their subtle cross sections, making them highly sensitive to shaft and housing tolerances. As such, using them in assemblies should be done with care, and finding the proper bearing for your applications is paramount.

what are axle and wheel bearings?

Bearings are components that are common to countless assemblies, often being used to facilitate and constrain motion while reducing friction between moving parts. Axle and wheel bearings in particular are two components that are common to automobiles and similar vehicles, allowing for wheels to turn with freedom while ensuring that the weight of the vehicle is supported and that assemblies have proper alignment. As both bearings are crucial for the standard functionality of wheels, it is important that one amply understands their functionality and maintenance.

what tools are used in industrial fastening?

Fasteners are required to build everything. From bridges to garments, you can find them in every industry vertical. That being said, there are several types of fasteners and even more tools used in creating and securing them. Moreover, it is incredibly important to choose the correct tool for installation as well as the ideal fastener for your application. The use of an incorrect tool is a safety concern and can result in insecure attachment or a damaged fastener.

bearings and their resistance to friction

Built as a rolling mechanical assembly, bearings facilitate different types of load, thrust, and radial movement between moving parts along a track. Constructed in multiple forms to support various applications, bearings are used to constrain relative motion along a track while ensuring a desired motion is achieved. This dramatically reduces friction between all moving parts, providing high rotational speeds for rotating or oscillating machinery. Operating off of their own unique set of principles, common bearing types include: plain bearings, rolling element bearings (i.e., ball bearings, roller bearings), jewel bearings, fluid bearings, magnetic bearings, flexure bearings, and more.

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Simplified Purchasing Blog

wing nuts and their common types

how propeller generate thrust

thing to consider when using nylon fasteners

shaft bearings and their common types

features and types of rolling bearings

what is the importance of safety wiring on aircraft?

what is the importance of the correct assembly of thin section bearings?

what are axle and wheel bearings?

what tools are used in industrial fastening?

bearings and their resistance to friction

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